LINGUISTICS

LINGUISTICS:

  

    DEFINITION OF LINGUISTICS: The word 'Linguistics' has been derived from Latin lingua (tongue) and istics (knowledge or science). Etymologically, therefore, linguistics is the scientific study of language. It studied the human language as a universal and recognizable part of human behaviour. It attempts to describe and analyse language. Its aim is to seek a scientific understanding of the place of language in human life, the way in which it is organized to fulfill the needs its serves, and the functions it performs. Linguistics, then is a field which classifies the pronunciation, grammar, meaning, and use of language and hence provides terminology to talk about these matters.

SCOPE OF LINGUISTICS: A full understanding of the various components of language and their relations with the rest of the world outside language, thus, would constitute the right scope of linguistics languages have the unique characteristic called creativity on productivity which can be labelled as linguistic competence. It is this linguistic competence linguists focus on the mental system which allows one to form and interpret the words and sentences of one's language. This system is also known as the "grammar" of the language components of this "grammar" are follows: 

1. PHONETICS: It is the study of articulation transmission and reception of speech sound.

2.PHONOLOGY: It is the study of the organization of the units of the sounds of speech into syllables and other larger units. The phonology of a language is a description of the systems and patterns of sounds that occurs in that language.

3.MORPHOLOGY: It is the study of words.

4.SYNTAX: It deals with the combination of words into phrases, clause and sentences.

5.SEMANTICS: It is the concerned with the study of meaning in all its aspects.

                    

             Above components are all inter-related and have been set up for doing linguistic analysis. 

             Apart from these components of language we see their relations with the rest of the world i.e, the inter disciplinary fields of linguistics. The description of the inter-disciplinary fields listed below have been taken from crystal.

1.ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTIC: It is the study of language variation and use in relation to the cultural patterns and beliefs of the human race, as investigated using the theories and methods of anthropology.

2. APPLIED LINGUISTICS: It is the application of linguistic theories, methods and findings to the elucidation of language problems that have arisen in other domains.The term is especially used with reference to the field of foreign language learning and teaching but it applies equally to several other fields, such as stylistic lexicography translation and language planning.

3. BIOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS: It is the study of the biological conditions for language development and use in human beings, with reference to both to the history of language in the human and to child development,

4.CLINICAL LINGUISTICS: It is the application of linguistic theories and methods to the analysis of disorders in spoken, written on sign language.

5.COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS: It is the study of language using the technique and concept of computer science, especially with reference to the problems posed by the field of machine translation, information retrieval and artificial intelligence.

6. EDUCATIONAL LINGUISTICS: It is the application of linguistic theories and methods to the study of the teaching and learning of a language (especially a first language) in school and other educational settings.

7.ETHNO LINGUISTICS: It is the study of language in relation to ethnec types and behaviour, especially with reference to the way social interaction proceeds.